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AIM:To investigate the mechanism of curcumin inhibiting the choroidal neovascularization(CNV)of brown Norway(BN)rats.METHODS: CNV model of 36 BN rats was established through laser photocoagulation induction, and they were divided into 6 groups with 6 rats in each group. Normal group was fed normally with no intervention, while 532nm laser photocoagulation was used to establish a experimental CNV model in BN rats. Rats after modeling were respectively intervened for 14d and divided into model group, ranibizumab group, curcumin low [100mg/(kg·d)], medium [200mg/(kg·d)], and high [400mg/(kg·d)] dose group. The model group was given intragastric administration of saline for 14d, ranibizumab(10mg/mL, 0.2mL/dose)was injected at 2d after photocoagulation with 5μL once for rats in ranibizumab group, and different concentrations of curcumin were intragastrically administrated to the rats in low, medium and high groups for 14d. Fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)examination were performed at 14d after photocoagulation. Ocular histopathological specimens of rats with CNV were made, and the central thickness of CNV were observed by HE staining. Ocular histopathological specimens were made, and the expressions of AKT/p-AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway-related proteins were observed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA relative expressions of AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF factor in CNV tissues were detected by RT-qPCR, and the protein expressions of AKT/p-AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF factor in CNV tissues were detected by Western-blot.RESULTS: CNV generation rates in the model group, the ranibizumab group, and the low, medium and high-dose curcumin groups were 78.18%, 73.21%, 77.19%, 75.86%, 74.55%, respectively, which were higher than 70%. The average absorbance were 182.12±6.59, 119.22±8.03, 166.45±8.33, 164.34±5.69, 149.22±6.45, respectively; the ranibizumab group was significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05); the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly higher than the ranibizumab group(P<0.05), and the curcumin high-dose group was significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05). HE staining showed that the retinal tissue structure of BN rats in normal group was clear and neatly arranged. The central thickness of CNV in the ranibizumab group was significantly reduced at 14d after photocoagulation compared with the model group(P<0.05); While the curcumin high-dose group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.05), but increased when compared with ranibizumab group(P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry results showed that AKT, p-AKT, HIF-1α, and VEGF factors were negatively expressed in the retinal tissue structure of BN rats in the normal group, and no brown-yellow reactants were found. The expression of AKT, p-AKT, HIF-1α, and VEGF factors in the model group were higher than that in the normal group at 14d after photocoagulation(P<0.05); the ranibizumab group was lower than the model group(P<0.05). While the expression of the curcumin high-dose group was significantly decreased compared with the model group(P<0.05), but significantly increased when compared with ranibizumab group(P<0.05). The mRNA results showed that the relative expression levels of AKT, HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA in the model group at 14d after photocoagulation were higher than those of the normal group(P<0.05); the ranibizumab group was lower than the model group(P<0.05). While curcumin high-dose group was significantly decreased compared with the model group(P<0.05), but significantly increased when compared with ranibizumab group(P<0.05). Western-blot results showed that there was no significant difference in the relative expression of AKT protein among each experimental groups at 14d after photocoagulation. The relative expression of p-AKT protein in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group(P<0.05); the ranibizumab group was significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05); the curcumin high-dose group was significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05). The relative expression levels of HIF-1α protein were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group(P<0.05), and the ranibizumab group was lower than in the model group(P<0.05). The relative expression levels of HIF-1α protein was lower in the curcumin high-dose group than in the model group(P<0.05)but higher than ranibizumab group(P<0.05). The relative expression level of VEGF protein was significantly lower in the curcumin medium/high-dose group than in the model group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Curcumin at 400mg/(kg·d)has an inhibitory effect on CNV in BN rats. The mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting the activation of AKT/p-AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients (89 affected eyes) with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. The control group was given basic western medicine treatment. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at main acupoints i.e. Baihui (GV 20), Shangjingming (Extra), Chengqi (ST 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), combined with supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, once every three days, twice a week. The treatment for 3 months was required in both groups. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 6 months after treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), indexes of visual field (visual field index [VFI], mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation [PSD]) and mean thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, BCVA was decreased after treatment and in follow-up in the control group (P<0.05); in the follow-up, BCVA in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). On each time point before and after treatment, there was no significant difference within or between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment and in the follow-up, the mean thickness of RNFL was larger than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of the basic western medicine treatment, acupuncture can delay the decline of vision and the thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Glaucoma/therapy , Optic Atrophy/therapy , Intraocular Pressure , Acupuncture TherapyABSTRACT
Objective To determine the association between global epidemic of COVID-19 and local situation of imported cases from abroad to Shanghai, and then to predict the risk of imported COVID-19 epidemic from December 2020 through March 2021. Methods A retrospective analysis on the imported COVID-19 cases from abroad to Shanghai was conducted. The correlation between global and country-specific confirmed COVID-19 cases(weekly confirmed cases per 100 000 population)and imported cases(weekly reported)in Shanghai was determined. Compared to the risk in November 2020, country-specific risk of imported cases to Shanghai was assessed to calculate the possible number of imported case in the near future using SEIR model. Results The number of imported case of COVID-19 from abroad to Shanghai increased along with the global epidemic, with several peaks accordingly. However, the imported cases did not accumulate, as potential epidemic has been always effectively contained through timely implementation of prevention and control measures. The number of weekly imported cases in Shanghai was significantly correlated with the number of global weekly confirmed cases per 100 000 population(rSpearman = 0.349, P = 0.029), and also correlated with weekly reported cases in certain countries(P < 0.05), such as the UK and France. Using the number of imported cases from abroad to Shanghai in November as baseline, the estimated monthly number of imported cases in Shanghai might increase in the following four months. Conclusion The risk of imported COVID-19 cases from abroad to Shanghai may increase in the near future. Prediction of imported case would provide scientific evidence for optimizing prevention and control measures and reserving medical resources for the imported epidemic.
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@#AIM: To observe the accuracy of the experimental choroid neovascularization(CNV)changes evaluated by CD105 immunohistochemical examination. <p>METHODS: Twenty-four male Brown Norway(BN)rats were randomly divided into the control group(6 rats)and the experimental group(18 rats). The CNV were induced by 659nm krypton laser. And the power was 360mW, exposure time was 0.05s, spot diameter was 50μm. The formation rate of CNV and the average optical density(AOD)of leakage flare were observed by fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA)and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)on the seventh day, the fourteenth day and the twenty-first day after laser photocoagulation. The histopathology changes of CNV and the AOD of CD105 were observed by eyeball exemplar. <p>RESULTS: The CNV appeared on the seventh day after laser photocoagulation, and reached the peak on the fourteenth day and twenty-first day after laser photocoagulation. The formation rate of CNV were 77.08%, 85.42%, 89.58%, at 7, 14 and 21d after laser photocoagulation. From 7 to 21d after laser photocoagulation, the AOD of leakage flare increased gradually(<i>P</i><0.05). There had significant differences between 7 days' outcome and 14 days' outcome(<i>P</i><0.05), and had no significant differences between 14 days' outcome and 21 days' outcome(<i>P</i>>0.05). From 7 to 21d after laser photocoagulation, the expression of CD105 increased gradually, and then decreased gradually, and from 14 to 21d, there had significant differences between 7 days' outcome and 14 days' outcome of AOD(<i>P</i><0.05), and had no significant differences between 14 days' outcome and 21 days' outcome(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical outcomes of CD105 are highly consistent with fundus angiography outcomes of CNV changing regularity.
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The health of human, animal and environment is under serious threat from the increasing emerging infectious diseases (EID).Through strengthening the three-level disease prevention network, expanding infectious disease surveillance system and multi-sectoral joint cooperation mechanism, the quick, effective and strong prevention and control system of emerging and imported infectious diseases has been established in Shanghai.Since 2013, through effective control of EIDs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS), influenza A H1N1 and H7N9 avian influenza, as well as imported infectious diseases (IID) such as Ebola virus disease, middle east respirators syndrome(MERS), Zika virus disease and yellow fever, the surveillance and response capacity has been improved significantly, and the prevention and control system has been improved gradually.As an international megalopolis under globalization, Shanghai is faced with the challenges as follows: growing pressure to infectious diseases prevention and control, increasingly serious situation of EIDs and IIDs;prevention and control skills need to be improved and the current personnel cannot meet with the demands.In order to meet the challenges, infectious disease monitoring and early warning technology should be strengthened; the sensitivity of infectious disease surveillance and early-warning capacity should be improved; EID symptom complex monitoring system should be established; personnel training should be strengthened, domestic and international cooperation and exchange should be carried out;so as to safeguard public health security and public health in Shanghai.